Eurothon: Europe's decent into craziness through cultural movements.

Alright, I'm no art historian. But this should be able to provide a broad overview of the major cultural movements which got us to where we are today. Along with in-depth looks at the movements I find amusing (Like Dada).

200 CE - 1430 CE Medieval and Christian art
This time was mostly defined by the flat, religious imagery of the medieval period. Lots of stuff to do with the plague, since it was killing so many people during this time. Other pieces of art were mostly of biblical scenes and figures. Fairly unrealistic, majestic, and God-oriented in terms of style to distract the peasants from their fairly crappy lives.
This style eventually led to the Gothic style, famous for it's architecture that involved pointed arches and flying buttresses. Pieces of art like The Danse Macabre are iconic of Gothic art.

1300 CE - 1600 CE Renaissance
The Renaissance is sort of a massive movement, so I'll do my best to sum up the important stuff here. Most people agree that it started in Florence, mostly as a result of the Medici family and others who took up the practice of becoming patrons of the arts (making the Medici family a group of patrons, Mrs. Brown. I totally won that question). The movement came out of humanist ideas and the study of antiquity, such as the philosophers Aristotle, Plato, and other old dead white guys, as well as the new ways of viewing life and death. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and other teenage mutant ninja turtles came to embod the spirit of the renaissance by engaging in a variety of different art styles and writing. New art techniques focused on a realistic portrayal of the human form as well as things like shading.

While many of the art in this period was religious in nature, there was a much greater occurrence of secular art during this time than during the earlier art periods. The Italian renaissance especially showed this trend, with artists like da Vinci making art purely to celebrate the human form with works like the Vitruvian Man.


The Northern renaissance which took place in the majority of the rest of Europe was still very much entrenched in religious imagery, however, and was slightly less dramatic than the Italian renaissance.

A refresher on humanism: Humanism is a learning style that branches off from the scholastic learning style of the medieval period. It focuses on the ancients and their writings and scientific ideas, analyzing them with a combination of discussion, philosophy, and empirical data to produce such gems of scientific achievement as bleeding people to balance the humors and such like things. Ok, it wasn't a perfect system. But it did lead to a greater focus on human perfection and having a good life as well as an afterlife, which lead to some good things.

1520 CE - 1600 Mannerism
Mostly a continuation on the trends of the Renaissance, mannerism was a highly intellectual art style which focused on artificial rather than natural themes and stylized poses. Perspective was messed with, and the shading was more dramatic than the previous eras. Tintorreto's Last Supper was an example of this style.

1600 CE - 1780 CE Baroque to Rococo
Both the Baroque and Rococo periods were focused on being as pompous, large, and rich looking as possible. It was pushed by the Catholic church as part of the Counter-Reformation, since it went against the more austere protestants. While the pompous Baroque style achieved large-scale popularity with the aristocracy of Europe, the brighter and apparently "more French" Rococo was mostly shunned in England.

1750 CE - 1830 CE Neoclassicism

Basically a bunch of nostalgia which wanted people to get involved with the more "pure" and "noble" art forms of antiquity. Sort of similar to renaissance art in style and running counter to the Baroque and Rococo movements which it thought of as silly.

1790 CE - 1880 CE Romanticism 

More along the lines of Rococo art, Romantic art was sort of an escapist movement that went against the increasingly scientific thought of the 19th century. It celebrated the stylized and aesthetic pieces rather than the   more empirical realist movement which sought to accurately portray human experiences and form. 

1863 CE -1890 CE Impressionism

Like Romanticism, it didn't seek to create an entirely realistic representation of people and nature. It focused mainly on lighting and the movement of things. The main difference with impressionists was that they painted outside rather than in a studio in order to capture the lighting of a moment. There was no single event that really inspired the impressionist movement, but it did provide a counter to photography since it was far more stylized and pretty looking.

1890 CE - 1910 CE-ish Lots of stuff

The pre-war time period was filled with a huge number of different art movements as the Belle Epoch came to a close. Cubism, futurism, and Art Nouveau were fairly large movements that defined the culture of pre-war Europe, showing a trend towards the "batshit crazy" art that was well on its way. Changes in society during this time had been mildly dramatic, involving demographic shifts and new ideas as a result of the industrial revolution. The reconciliation with the many ideas in the so called "market place of ideas" was what mostly drove these changes, involving everything from Marx to Spencer who attempted to make complete systems for explaining the world.

Post WWI

This is pretty much the last period we covered in terms of art, so I'm going to assume we don't need to look at much else past this. Also, I'm really done with looking at all these different wikipedia and note pages.

THE MOMENT YOU HAVE ALL BEEN WAITING FOR!

Dadaism is, of course, the idea that if you take a small badger and combine it with a three-quarter limeade beverage, you achieve what is known as the "Urnial cake singularity", which is as dangerous as it sounds. Contrary to popular belief, pulling this badger does not result in an unpleasant oder, but rather an extravagant tortoise. 

That was an exercise in teaching by example. Dadaism was totally crazy and based on the idea that the world as we know it is absurd. It's a movement we can all get behind, I think. Movements like Dadaism were a result of the post-war changes in society and general craziness following the first world war. It was a precursor to surrealism, which was also based off of general weirdness but was actually intended to have a meaning behind it rather than the intentionally meaningless Dada art. 

The important thing to remember about post war art was that it was based off of the strangeness of post-war Europe and the rapidly changing ideas which populated society.